ABSTRACT
1) To improve the quality of medical care and to ensure patient safety, physicians have the professional duty and responsibility to constantly study the newest medical knowledge and technology.<BR>2) The terminology for “continuing education”for physicians differs in meaning from that generally used to refer to “life-long education.”<BR>3) Continuing medical education (CME) in Japan is independently carried out by medical associations and by numerous academic medical societies. Present CME activities in Japan are reviewed, and CME in the United States is explained.<BR>4) Continuing professional development is introduced as a new paradigm of CME for physicians, created to improve the health-care system in the United Kingdom.<BR>5) To further improve CME for physicians in Japan, prospective issues are discussed. Establishment of a third-party organization that discusses, manages, and operates the CME system for physicians, is strongly recommended.
ABSTRACT
Because new media have come onstage in the information technology period, also self-learning methods have been diversified. Recently, small group discussion such as clinical conference using the mailing list is lively performed among the primary care physicians, and it is considered to be useful for continuing medical education. To promote the mailing list for continuing medical education, we present as follows; 1) present situation: to show a good example of TFC-ML (total family care-mailing list), 2) usefulness: to know new medical knowledge, new medical information and literatures etc., to discuss clinical cases. 3) issues: a role of moderator, excess of information, correspondence with slander, 4) future: to reevaluate usefulness for continuing medical education. We would like to expect effectiveness of mailing list for continuing medical education.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to clarify the present situation of activities of continuing medical education (CME) for the primary care physicians to whom the leading hospitals, such as universities and clinical trainee hospitals perform CME in their regions. A questionaire was designed for main 4 parts, as following: 1) On the purpose of CME for the physicians. 2) On the organization (office) managing CME in the hospitals. 3) On the strategies of CME. 4) On the evaluation of CME. Answers to a questionaire were replied from 234 institutions (58.1%). Analyzing the results, we recognized that the leading hospitals actively carried out CME for the primary care physicians in the community. Furthermore, conversion to experiential learning from passive learning and establishment of evaluation methods should be promoted in CME.
ABSTRACT
The committee of continuing medical education in Japan Society for Medical Education discussed on PRA of American Medical Association [AMA]. We have first analyzed the brochure of PRA for the members of AMA, and then prepared the questionnaire for AMA. We were able to obtained the answers to the questionnaire which were sent to AMA through courtesy of Japanese Medical Association (JMA). It was realized that AMA emphasizes an importance of PRA for medical practice to the patients; nevertheless acquisition rate of PRA is actually low, and so AMA proceeds with efforts towards completion of PRA.
ABSTRACT
The clinical competence needed by every beginning resident and the present status of such competencewere examined in August 1998 through questionnaires distributed to clinical educators and the nursing staff of university hospitals and clinical training hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Completed questionnaires were returned by 576 (65.9%) of clinical educators and nursing staff. With a cluster analysis of the necessity and the present status of clinical competence, 21 items for clinical competence were identified as those most requiring evaluation by the national examination. These 21 items included 11 items for clinical competence in the cognitive domain, 8 items in the psychomotor domain, and 2 in the affective domain. In about half of the direct answers obtained from clinical educators, evaluations were considered necessary for 15 items of clinical competence, of which 13 belonged to the cognitive domain. These results were consistent with the present status. However, practical examinations have also attracted increasing attention, as the results included strong demands that the national examination evaluate some basic clinical skills, such as physical examination and measurement of vital signs. However, about 30 % of authorities governing the national examination thought no changes are needed in the national examination.
ABSTRACT
The working group on the medical education system in the Japan Society for Medical Education had 2 meetings in 1997. In those meetings, members of the working group discussed on the following 4 problems related to the medical education;<BR>1) System to accept the graduates of other departments (Gakushi) into medical school<BR>2) Clinical professorship<BR>3) Post-graduate universities<BR>4) Education in the department of general medicine (Sogo-shinryo-bu)<BR>The results of the discussions are reported.
ABSTRACT
This is a report of the 16th Annual Conference on Student Selection held on August 30, 1997 in Tokyo. The main topic of discussion was the subject whether bachelor's degree must be required to medical school applicants. Advantages, disadvantages and expected future problems concerning the proposal by the advisory committee of the Ministry of Education and Culture are widely discussed.
ABSTRACT
This is a report of the activities of the committee on medical student selection 1994-1996, particularly focused on the 15th Conference on Medical-Student Admission held 1996/8/31 with the subjects of social needs and influences upon high school education for the purpose of improving student selection system in Japan. We must consider how largely admission tests have being influenced high school students at the time of decision making, what medical schools they submit their applications to, and what ability the society or community requires physicians, for creating better system of evaluation for admission in Japan.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to clarify the definition and recognition on continuing medical education for administrators (or leaders for residents) of 80 university hospitals and 266 clinical training hospitals as designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, using the questionaire consited of 5 main questions, as following:<BR>1) On the curriculum (program) of continuing medical education in their hospitals.<BR>2) On the continuing medical education system of Japan Medical Association.<BR>3) On the continuing medical education activity of the specified academic societies.<BR>4) On guide of continuing medical education for the residents.<BR>5) On definition of continuing medical education.<BR>Answers to a questionaire were returned from 227 institutions (65.6%)<BR>Analyzing the results, present situation of program curricula for continuing medical education in hospitals, participation to continuing medical education system of Japan Medical Association and Academic Societies, and consideration on continuing medical education as a hospital leader were comprehensible.
ABSTRACT
Continuing medical education for the general practitioners has been activery performed. The former committee for continuing medical education of the Japan Society for Medical Education reported the objectives of continuing medical education for general practitioners. The present committee proposed learning strategies for continuing medical education for general practitioners in accordance with specific behavioral objectives of the curriculum.<BR>It was postulated that appropriate learning strategies are necessary for physicians to provide holistic medical care in their communities, in addition to improving their medical knowledge and skills.<BR>Learning strategies in the curriculum were also coordinated with the continuing medical education system of the Japan Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
In March 1986, an academic program on family care medicine was started at Jikei University School of Medicine upon consultation with Prof. Masakazu Abe, then President of the Jikei University School of Medicine, and Dr. Tomojiro Nagai, founder of the Medical Practitioners' Association of Japan. The program offers two elective seminars on family care medicine in the spring and summer for 4th and 5th year medical students. The objective was to give students opportunities to visit and observe medical care provided by practitioners, to teach them the importance of the function of family physicians, and to offer them options in their future careers.<BR>The total number of participating students from the first through 20th seminars was 121, with a maximum number of participants per seminar of 11 and a minimum of 3 (average of 6). A total of 37 instructors took part in the program by giving from 1 to 18 seminars per instructor (average of 3.3). We found these seminars to be highly educational not only for the students but also for the instructing physicians.
ABSTRACT
In 1991, the committee on postgraduate clinical training proposed revised behavioral objectives for basic clinical training in the initial two years. We present here a model for a clinical training program that should enable most residents to attain these objectives within two years.<BR>The program begins with orientation for 1-2 weeks, including a workshop on team care, and nursing practice.<BR>Basic clinical skills for primary care and emergency managements should be learned by experience during rotations through various clinical specialities. All staff members, even senior residents, should participate in teaching beginning residents in hospitals.
ABSTRACT
In order to appropriately obtain information for the purpose of reforming the school selection process, we analyzed questionaires from 1, 641 students in their first year of medical school. Twenty-five percent of the subjects were women and the 20 participating medical schools consisted of 4 newer national schools, 6 older national schools, 3 provincial or municipal schools, 4 newer private schools, and 3 older private schools.<BR>As expected the medical students admitted to a strong desire to enter the specific profession of medicine. Important factors influencing their decision to apply to a particular medical school included (1) geographical location, (2) general public reputation, (3) whether or not the school was part of a university, and (4) the cost of tuition. Students did not appear to pay much attention to specific educational programs, facilities and environment, or the teaching staff of individual schools. The Committee proposes that medical schools make a greater effort to acquaint applicants with the history, purpose, and educational environment of their institution in order to aid the students in their selection process.
ABSTRACT
This conference was held at Noguchi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, on September 9 th, 1989. Seventy five persons from fifty two medical schools and two high schools participated.<BR>In the first session, “Intrview-Methods and Evaluation”, Dr. H. Hasekura introduced recent trends in the interview test in general and his experiences at Shinshu University. Dr. M. Hirno stressed a clear relationship between the interview and performances of students of Yamanashi Medical College. Dr. I. Takeyama, Teikyo Univ., reported on the significance of the two-day interview including one overnight stay with the applicants.<BR>In the second session, “High School vs University”, Mr. H. Motohashi, Hibiya High School, explained about high school records, and Mr. T. Ohnuki, Mito Daiichi High School, analyzed recent behaviors of medical school applicants. Dr. T. Ogawa, Akita Univ., Dr. S. Sato, Nagoya Municipal Univ. and Dr. T. Takagaki, Juntendo Univ., pointed out that high school records are more predictable than the entrance examination scores through follow up studies.<BR>This meeting impressed upon the participants the importance of communication and reliability between high schools and universities.
ABSTRACT
The 82 nd and 83 rd National Examination for Physicians' License, which were held in 1988 and 1989 respectively, were evaluated from question to question as well as in all the questions as a whole to set minimum pass scores and analysis “relevance” and “difficulty” in a matrix utilizing a modified Ebel's method.<BR>The evaluators were teachers in different disciplines in nationwide medical schools and teaching hospitals and clinical trainees who had taken and passed the immediate past examinations.<BR>Following data processing, the questionable and difficult questions were on the decrease compared with the preceding year, and it was tentatively concluded that the National Examinations have gradually improved year by year.